Экскурсия по набережной реки Фонтанка и в музее Анны Ахматовой (английский язык)

This fascinating contrast between baroque and neoclassicism makes this one of the most picturesque spots in central St. Petersburg.TheAnna Akhmatova Literary and Memorial Museumis a literary museuminSt. Petersburg, dedicated to Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova(1889-1966).Anna Gorenko(June 23, 1889 – March 5, 1966), better known by herpen nameAnna Akhmatova, is aRussianmodernistpoetess, one of the most acclaimed writers in Russian canon.Her work ranges from short lyric poems to intricately structured cycles, such asRequiem (1935-1940). Her style, was strikingly original and distinctive to her contemporaries. The strong and clear leading female voice struck a new chord in Russian poetry. Her writing can be said to fall into two periods – the early work (1912–1925) and her later work (from around 1936 until her death).Primary sources of information about Akhmatova's life are relatively scant, as war, revolution and the totalitarian regime caused much of the written record to be destroyed. For long periods she was in official disfavor and many of those who were close to her died in the aftermath of the revolution.Akhmatova's first husband,Nikolai Gumilevwasexecuted by Soviet secret police, and her sonLev Gumilevand her common-law husbandNikolayPuninspent many years in the Gulag, where Punin died.Akhmatova was born at BolshoyFontan, near the Black Sea port of Odessa. Her father, AndreyGorenko, a naval engineer, and her mother, Inna Stogova, were both descended from the Russian nobility.Her family moved north to TsarskoyeSelo, near St. Petersburg when she was eleven months old.Her family lived in a house on the corner ofShirokaya Street and Bezymyanny Lane; (the building is no longer there today).She studied at the Mariinskaya High School, moving to Kiev (1906-1910) and finished her schooling there, after her parents separated in 1905. She went on to study law at Kiev University, leaving a year later to study literature in St Petersburg.Akhmatova started writing poetry at the age of 11, and published in her late teens, inspired by the poetsNikolayNekrasov,Jean Racine,Alexander Pushkin,EvgenyBaratynskyand theSymbolists. Akhmatova's father did not want to see any verses printed under his «respectable» name, so she chose to adopt her grandmother's distinctly Tatar surname «Akhmatova» as a pen name.She met the young poet,Nikolay Gumilev on Christmas Eve 1903, who encouraged her to write and pursued her intensely, making numerous marriage proposals from 1905. At 17 years old, in his journal Sirius, she published her first poem which could be translated asOn his hand are many shiny rings (1907), signing it «Anna G.».She soon became known in St Petersburg's artistic circles, regularly giving public readings.In late 1910, she came together with poets such asOsip Mandelstam and Sergey Gorodetskyto form the Guild of Poets. It promoted idea of craft as a key to poetry rather than inspiration or mystery. Over time, they developed influential Acmeist anti-symbolist school, concurrent with growth ofImagism in Europe and America.The museum is located in a wing of Fountain House at 34 Fontanka River Embankment. Fountain House was built in 18th century as a palace for Count Sheremetev family, whose most romantically known member was a patron of arts Count Nikolaimarried a peasant PraskoviaKovalyova-Zhemchugova, with whom he seemed to experience real, though tragically brief, happiness. Russian emperors highly valued diplomatic and military achievements of several male members of family[2].From 1935 to 1941 it housed the Museum of Popular Science, which closed immediately upon the German invasion. Anna Akhmatova lived in the northern garden wing of the Fountain House in 1918-1920, and lived in the southern wing from the mid-1920s until February 1952.Then this building as a whole was given over to semi-classified Arctic and Antarctic Exploration Research Institute, and only in the latter part of the twentieth century, after relocation of the institute within the city to a specially designed facility, it became possible to start turning the palace into a museum or museums.Now the main building is occupied by Saint Petersburg Museum of Music (one of the largest branches of St.Petersburg State Museum of Theatre and Music), and the wing is dedicated to the museum of the poet.The Akhmatova Museum was opened in 1989 as a branch of the Dostoevsky Literary and Memorial Museum.Later it was separated out as an independent museum. The museum's collection consisted in 2009 of about 50,000 items. This includes, among other things, autographed editions of Akhmatova's works, photographs, and manuscripts by Akhmatova and her contemporaries.ConclusionIn contrast to the Neva and its many rivers and canals, Fontaka has a single embankment running along its seven kilometer course. Until mid of the 18th century Fontanka served as southern boundary of the city, and after it was considered as a boundary of fine construction of St. Petersburg. Not surprisingly, there are a huge number of buildings here that are now of historical and cultural value. Moreover, you can get acquainted with them not only walking along the promenade but also on-board a tour on a boat.The Fontanka is spanned by fifteen bridges, including 18th-century Lomonosov Bridge and extravagant Egyptian Bridge. The most famous of these, the Anichkov Bridge, carries the Nevsky Prospekt over the river.A delicate iron-cast railing, separating the park from the public walk of the Palace Embankment, was installed between 1771 and 1784 to a design byG. von Veldten. Grille is suspended between 36 granite columns crowned with urns and vases. The great Russian poetessAnna Akhmatova, among others, considered the grille to be a pinnacle of art-casting and one of the symbols of St. Petersburg.BibliographyКанн П.Я. Прогулки по Петербургу: Вдоль Мойки, Фонтанки, Садовой. – St. Petersburg, 1994.Anna Akhmatova Literary and Memorial Museum [URL] http://www.encspb.ru/object/2804034066;jsessionid=2D522B8252DA0F306A1B35ADC2E96B13?lc=en.Axelrod V.I., Bulankova L.P. Anichkov dvorets – legendy i byli. – SPb, 1996.Feinstein E.Anna of all the Russians: A life of Anna Akhmatova. – London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2006.The Summer Garden and the Palace of Peter I [URL] http://www.nevsky-prospekt.com/summer.htmlTselyadt M.P. DvoretsBeloselskikh-Belozerskikh. – SPb, 1996.