Мастит у коров, профилактика и лечение.

The aim of post-milking dipping is to eliminate any contagious mastitis-causing pathogens that could have been deposited on the teat surface of the cows - including any present just inside the opened teat canal - that are transferred during milking from infected milk residues from inside the liner and clawpiece, before they have opportunity to colonize and infect the teat. Dip chemicals also kill bacteria exist on any sores on the teats, facilitating quicker healing. Worth to notice, that it is important to dip or spray immediately after cluster unit removal, before the teat canal sphincter begins to close and before any bacteria have the opportunity to colonize and multiply.Chemicals often irritate and dry-out teat skin so both pre- and post-milking treatments have chemicals known as emollients and humectants added to counter these effects and also to soften and improve teat skin condition after milking. Teat treatment products may be available in different forms. Usually it is ready-to-use form, but sometimes form may require dilution with water and their storage, in this case, mixing and usage instructions must be followed to achieve the best results. Dipping teats tends to reach better coverage and less chemical using than while spraying. But in the same time, spraying can be quicker but requires more care to be as thorough as dipping, and installing spray equipment adds extra cost. Dip pots must be very well cleaned out between milkings as they can become contaminated with bedding materials and faecal matter from the cows which can affect the efficiency of the product.Most effective strategy of reduction in mastitis obviously comes from improved management, but breeding for increased resistance to mastitis can also have long-term benefits. Genetic variation for Cell Count does exist for a long time and some bulls have been found to produce daughters that are more resistant to mastitis than others. Include mastitis resistance in the herd breeding objective by choosing bulls from the Profit or Mastitis Resistance tables should give benefits to the entire herd.It is obvious that usually cases of mastitis are diagnosed and registered on-farm by reports from milking staff. This situation can result in a big deal of numbers of methods by which treatments and recording are performed. A relistic representation of the numbers of mastitis incidence and healing rates is therefore a subject of good precision and conformity of the taken records. And, while there are legitimate implications as well as farm assurance agreementsabout recording vet medicine treatments, they could not be precise enough for any analytical purposes.For using this information in some comparative purposes, it is extremely important to have common recording standards. Then it is became possible to perform comparative analysis between different farms and herds. And no need to say that an appreciation of why differences occur is paramount in making effective use of the information.The rised importance of treating subclinical mastitis and high SCC in the herd due to an confirmation of new legislation and milk buyer requirements means that dairy farmers need to target all routes of mastitis infection.Furthermore, proper recording of clinical mastitis may help to account for the missing information not provided by milk recording schemes from cows that are not sampled, usually due to clinical mastitis and undergoing treatment.Records are also may be useful as basis for making the decision. This types of decision may include which cows to treat, which to cull, which cows' milk should be withheld from the bulk tank and which cows to group into a high SCC group.Monitoring of SCC and prompt identification and treatment of mastitis in dairy animals definitely helps in the reduction of mastitis cases.ConclusionMastitis pathogens may infect cows during the dry period and as well as when cows are lactating.It is extremely important to identify and recognize the source of the infections, as approaches to control, prevention and treatment since the effects of the pathogensmay differ according to whether the infection occurs when the cow is dry, or in lactation.Treatment is possible with long-acting antibiotics and also with alternative therapies such as homeopathy. Although, mastitis cannot be totally eliminated from a herd, however, the incidence can be held to a minimum. Mastitis is most often transmitted by contact with the milking machine, and through contaminated hands or other materials, in housing, bedding and other equipment. Practices such as close attention to milking hygiene, the culling of chronically-infected cows, good housing management and effective dairy cattle nutrition to promote good cow health are essential in helping to control herd mastitis levels. Less mastitis means less risk of antibiotic contamination of milk or meat products. It means more secure domestic and international markets.Cows should be kept comfortable and in good health. Farmers will also enjoy higher financial gain from increased production, higher payment for quality milk and reduced costs of treatment and culling.References and sourcesKhan M. Z., Khan A., Basic facts of mastitis in dairy animal: a review, Pakistan Vet. J. 26(4) (2006) pp. 204-208Kudi A. C. , Bray M.P., Niba A.T., Circus D. , PlymouthMastitis Causing Pathogens within the Dairy Cattle Environment, International Journal of Biology 1(1) (2009) pp. 3-13Harmon R. J., Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts, J. Dairy Sci. 77 (1994) pp. 2103-2112Jones G. M., Bailey T. L., Understanding the Basics of Mastitis, Virginia Cooperative Extension 404-233 (2009) pp. 1-5Pyörälä S., Treatment of mastitis during lactation, Irish Veterinary Journal 62 (2009) pp. 40-44Schroeder J. W., Bovine Mastitis and Milking Management, Mastitis control programs AS1129 (2012) pp. 1-16