Инквизиция на английском языке

And, as it sounds strange, but the Inquisition prepared a solid ground for a tolerant attitude to the opposite opinion. As it is known, the scholastics admitted the existence of an independent interpretations of sacred texts that they sought to refute. That was essentially the birth of critical thought. The formation of this approach coincided with the beginning of the Inquisition. Very often the Inquisition happily coexisted with scientists in the era of the development of universities and science. Many outstanding minds of the era perfectly lived to old age and died in their beds, never dealing with the Inquisition
Of course, all the cruelty of the Inquisition cannot be justified from the moral and human point of view. Many people suffered as a result of jealous neighbors or envy of competitors. The paradox is that on the one hand, the Inquisition projected cruelty and intolerance to the things that fit into the dogmas of the Catholic Church in no way. On the other, it helped to restore the order in public life, to promote the education (even though unilateral) in which there were made attempts of logical understanding of the existence of God based on the synthesis of religious books and logic of Aristotle.
You can, of course, condemn the activities of the fathers of the Inquisition with rage but before making categorical judgments about a particular phenomenon you should carefully examine the condition of the society and mood of this era. Because at that time in Europe it was low life expectancy, high infant mortality, there often happened epidemics and occurred brutal wars. All this imposed a significant imprint on people's minds. Therefore, such things as the Inquisition shouldn’t be condemned in the study of the historical process which contains many different nuances.
For example, in Spain where the Inquisition was especially rampant under the guidance of the Spanish monarchs, for 337 years (from 1481 in 1818) of the existence of the Spanish Inquisition by the decision of the state courts there were burned 36 212 persons issued by the Inquisition to the hands of the government. And for 2 years of the French revolution of 1789 there were destroyed about 300 thousand people. For 3 years of Civil war in Soviet Russia only from the revolutionary tribunals there were killed about 2 million people. At the hands of German national socialism during the years of the Second World War there were killed (by Jewish sources) about 6.5 million Jews. And how many people died from wars, diseases, poverty, hunger and other calamities, arising in Europe from the dominance of different ideologies in the New Age, from sexual revolution, abortion, drug addiction and so on. It's probably hard to count. Cruelty was largely the norm in the Middle Ages. Therefore, the role of the Inquisition should be assessed taking this fact into account. There were several dozen varieties of torture, from breaking on the wheel and finishing the shoe with a spike. Unfortunate people became victims of the sadistic tendencies of many prominent figures of the Inquisition one of whom was Thomas Torquemada. On his conscience there is a few tens of thousands of lives. The property of heretics was confiscated and later it replenished the Fund from which there were drawn monies for the maintenance of inquisitorial tribunals and which, however, served as a source of enrichment for the Pontifical and Royal Treasury. Medieval society the worldwide of which was based on the Church's ideology was unreceptive to new revolutionary ideas in science and social thought. Among the victims of the Inquisition it is identified a number of prominent figures of science and art. Subsequently they turned back all unwavering understanding of the basics of entity. Among them there were Giordano Bruno, Nicolaus Copernicus, Joan of Arc, Jan Hus, Dante Alighieri, Martin Luther and others. All these persons were either burned at the stake or recanted his views under pressure of the Inquisition or ended their lives in exile. In this regard, the role of the Inquisition, of course, is negative, but the society was not able to accept new trends.
Summarizing all the above, it is safe to say that the Inquisition was the epitome of its era, its demand and necessity. The government itself, the society itself was interested in the existence of such a punitive apparatus under the supervision of which it would implement a long-overdue centralization. And although the Inquisition instilled fear and contributed to the development of somewhat limited thinking, nevertheless, during the Inquisition it was made the first step on the way to establishing a critical approach to understanding different sides of life. It was offered by the scholastics. Subsequently, due to the development of capitalist relations in the late Middle Ages the need for the Inquisition began to fall away, and this body lost its dominant influence in everyday life of society although formally it still exists today. Having served its purpose the Inquisition was gone having left innumerable mysteries to descendants. However, its numerous sacrifices and ruthlessness, the subtle cruelty with which the inquisitors tortured their unfortunate victims has no justification from a human point of view whatsoever!








1