franchising
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; International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 28, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 204-211; Li-Tzang (Jane) Hsu, SooCheong (Shawn) Jang13.Determining Pros and Cons of Franchising by Using Swot Analysis; Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 122, 19 March 2014, Pages 515-519; MenekseSalar, OrkideSalar14.Accounting earnings and gross domestic product; Journal of Accounting and Economics, Volume 57, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 76-88; YanivKonchitchki, Panos N. Patatoukas15.Franchise turnover and failure: New research and perspectives; Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 18, Issue 3, May 2003, Pages 403-418; Stevan R. Holmberg, Kathryn Boe Morgan
¬¬1.Organizational forms and investment decisions; Journal of Financial Economics, Volume 14, Issue 1, March 1985, Pages 101-119; Eugene F. Fama, Michael C. Jensen
2.Franchising and the choice of self-employment; Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 14, Issue 4, July 1999, Pages 345-362; Patrick J Kaufmann
3.Franchising Research Frontiers for the Twenty-First Century; Journal of Retailing, Volume 87, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 253-268; Rajiv P. Dant, Marko Grünhagen, Josef Windsperger
4.Knowledge management and franchise systems; Industrial Marketing Management, Volume 38, Issue 2, February 2009, Pages 173-180; Audhesh K. Paswan, C. Michael Wittmann
5.International retailing operations: downstream entry and expansion via franchising; International Business Review, Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2000, Pages 479-496; Bent Petersen, Lawrence S Welch
6.Agency and institutional influences on franchising decisions; Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 93-103; Jérôme Barthélemy
7.Contractibility and ownership redirection in franchising: A property rights view; Journal of Retailing, Volume 82, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 259-272; Josef Windsperger, Rajiv P. Dant
8.Centralization of franchising networks: evidence from the Austrian franchise sector; Journal of Business Research, Volume 57, Issue 12, December 2004, Pages 1361-1369; Josef Windsperger
9.Franchising and firm financial performance among U.S. restaurants; Journal of Retailing, Volume 87, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 406-417; Melih Madanoglu, Kyuho Lee, Gary J. Castrogiovanni
10.Identity in Franchise Systems: The Role of Franchisee Associations; Journal of Retailing, Volume 87, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 285-305; Benjamin Lawrence, Patrick J. Kaufmann
11.Market and partner selection processes in international retail franchising; Journal of Business Research, Volume 62, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 528-534; Anne Marie Doherty
12.Effects of restaurant franchising: Does an optimal franchise proportion exist?; International Journal of Hospitality Management, Volume 28, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 204-211; Li-Tzang (Jane) Hsu, SooCheong (Shawn) Jang
13.Determining Pros and Cons of Franchising by Using Swot Analysis; Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 122, 19 March 2014, Pages 515-519; Menekse Salar, Orkide Salar
14.Accounting earnings and gross domestic product; Journal of Accounting and Economics, Volume 57, Issue 1, February 2014, Pages 76-88; Yaniv Konchitchki, Panos N. Patatoukas
15.Franchise turnover and failure: New research and perspectives; Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 18, Issue 3, May 2003, Pages 403-418; Stevan R. Holmberg, Kathryn Boe Morgan
Франчайзинг в Румынии
Франчайзинг - from the French for 'Free', is a method of doing business wherein a franchisor licenses trademarks and methods of doing business to a франчайзи in exchange for a recurring royalty fee.
The term is commonly used to describe a wide variety of business relationships which may or may not fall into the legal definition provided above. For example, a vending machine operator may receive a franchise for a particular kind of vending machine, including a trademark and роялти but no method of doing business.
In the US франчайзинга falls under the jurisdiction of a number of state and federal laws. Contrary to what might be expected, there is no федерального реестра of франчайзинга or any federal подачи requirements for information. В отличие states primarily collect data on франчайзинге компаний и принудительная laws and regulations regarding their спред.
Франчайзинг is at least 150 years old. One early example resulted in the гостям look of historic hotels (bars) в New South Wales, with franchising agreements between hotels and breweries. An American example was the telegraph system operated by various railroad companies but controlled by Western Union, or selling a certain make of automobile в автомобиль дилерский.
Some people would argue that франчайзинга (in a non-profit sense) goes back even further; science-fiction author Нил Стивенсон pointed out a resemblance between franchising systems and churches (specifically the ones that proselytize) in his breakthrough novel, Snow Crash.
Современный франчайзинг came to prominence in the 1950s with the plethora of franchise-based fast food restaurants, of which McDonalds is the first and most globally successful. Многие розничного секторов, particularly in the United States, are now dominated by франчайзинга to the point where independently-выполнить operations are the exception rather than the rule. As an example, the Sport Clips Franchise organization only opens company owned stores to test new marketing concepts or ideas. As a result, Sport Clips owns very few of the over 200 франчайзи-owned stores. There is much information on франчайзинга в интернете.
As practiced in retailing, франчайзинга к franchisees the advantage of starting up a new business quickly based on a proven and trademark formula of doing business, as opposed to having to build a new business and brand from scratch (often in the face of aggressive competition from & operators).