Nonverbal communication in different cultures, где были бы рассмотрены различные интерпретации поз, жестов, мимики и т.п. и их восприятие в разных культурах

One of the most common poses Japanese - squatting on his haunches. In Japan, it is possible, for example, on the station platform to see the older generation, crouching on his haunches waiting for the train. This relaxation pose, meditation, and - preparation for something (like a coiled spring): any Japanese - an old man and a young man, a man or a woman, protecting, for example, a child from any danger, covering him child and turning his back to the source of danger. If the Japanese man on his knees, put his hands in front of him, palms down, such a posture and gesture he expresses humble request.  In Mexico, the victory sign - "V" - the nose, with the palm facing inward, is obscene gesture.   In Nigeria, a raised thumb can not be used while driving hitchhiking, because it is considered offensive. Adults in the Yoruba tribe, when they want the children to leave the room, winking at them.In Serbia, the "victory" sign made with the thumb, index or middle (as in other countries of the former Yugoslavia). When the waiter or taxi driver pulls down the lower eyelid, he said this to his colleagues: "I was not given a tip."    In China, when children express their fears, they stick their tongue. If the Chinese puts forward his lower lip and with frowns and wrinkles his nose, it means disapproval; if he keeps his right hand slant, and then pulls it forward - "get out"; stroking his index finger on the cheek means "you should be ashamed." Folding two hands - a sign of bankruptcy. We bow with their heads uncovered in China do only convicted criminals. When the Chinese angry, he raises his eyebrows.        The Greeks, to say "Control yourself," stretched hand with fingers folded down; other fingers straightened; this gesture is not easy to do, so it can not be taken as a casual. Click fingernail expresses anger at the Greeks, and the touch of the ear - warning; raised thumb can be an insult to the sexual overtones. Crossed fingers mean "I'm not your friend anymore." Pulling a finger down the lower eyelid - a signal that the trick seen (the same as in Turkey)Indians latch fingers to his ears is an expression of apology; it can make children and servants. Indians show for no index finger, and straightened palm or thumb; sometimes point and chin. We can not publicly whistle - a gesture offends Indian gods. Bengalis high lift leg, badly bent elbows and knees when walking - it does not mean anything, just so they run.    In Peru, slapping his hand on the armpit means that for something prescribed too high a price; tapping his forehead symbolizes stupidity.   When a Pole taps his finger across his neck - is an invitation to someone, usually a close friend, with wet throat. In some circumstances, the same gesture is offensive meaning.   If Finn pulls his hands apart at the seams, it is perceived as a willingness to fight immediately, although on the whole Finns - very peaceful people. The movement of the index finger from side to side is an easy conviction.  In Bangladesh, a raised thumb is the desire to have fun with a woman.  In Norway, it is not necessary to catch mosquitoes in public hands, the gesture denoted crazy.In England, the same gesture may be interpreted differently depending on the situation. For example, it is normal to beckon the waiter restaurant click thumb and middle finger, or by bending the index finger toward you. But in any society or just on the street, these gestures will be considered bad manners riding. In England, catch a taxi or a passing car, holding up his right thumb, holding up an umbrella or waving his hand raised. Attract the attention of the Englishman can pat her hands. In English, communication is not considered offensive, talking with a woman, keep your hands in your pocket or hold in the mouth a cigarette, pipe, and talking with someone, keep your feet on the desk, on the arm of the chair or legs stretched far ahead .If Englishman did not know anything about something, and he had nothing to say, he makes the following motion: the index fingers of both hands touch the eyes closed, right hand covering her mouth both hands cover their ears.   The Englishman, he would say that the husband of his wife is henpecked, he puts down his thumb. But the gesture, saying that a man fed up: the throat is covered by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand or the person yawns, striking the palm of his right hand on his mouth disclosed. When the Englishman tells of dismissal from work, his right hand clenched and stretched forward (as if the person holding someone by the collar), right leg bent at the knee, and then thrown forward. When they want to tell that a person talks too much and is not able to hold his tongue, brush both arms are brought together at the wrists together and make a movement resembling close and open the jaws of a shark.   In English communication chant the applause expresses disapproval. Expressing displeasure, the Englishman puts down his thumb and expressing distrust or irony, repeatedly bends the thumb of his right hand. The nomination of the left or right shoulder forward - unfriendly gesture, reluctance to engage someone in conversation.   In most western countries the right and left hands, in fact, equal, and in Islamic countries, you should not hold out something in his left hand, because the left hand is considered "unclean" (toilet).   Algerian gesture - rotational movement his right hand at shoulder height, half-bent fingers - the question means "What? Why? What's "In Algeria, a gesture of protection against the evil eye - extended right hand with spread fingers of a hand of his own. The gesture, signifying equality, similarity, express, rubbing against each other pointing fingers, other fingers clenched.     Even such seemingly universal movement as a nod in assent and shake of the head as a sign of denial, can have the opposite meanings in different countries (for example, in Bulgaria and in Brazil). According to legend, the Turkish conquerors declined a Bulgarian hero to renounce the faith of the fathers and to the adoption of Islam. Under threat of death, he had to verbally agree with them, but a parallel gesture he expressed denial. Since that time in Bulgaria a nod means 'no', that is misleading the guests of this country.   To say "no", the Turks clicked his tongue, and the Arabs raise their head. By the way, in Turkey (and Greece) there are regional differences in the meaning of nodding and swaying his head from side to side as the agreement or disagreement. In order to express the absolute negation of the Arabs bite the nail on the thumb of his right hand and then quickly throw a hand forward.List of used literature1. Armen T.Z. Social communications / TZ Armen. - M.: Bustard, 2009. - 204 p.2. Andreeva G.M. Social psychology / GM Andreeva - Moscow: Nauka, 2001. - 319 p.3. Adler A. To understand the nature of man / A. Adler. - SPb. : Academic Project, 1997. - 256 p.4. Akishina A.A. Gestures and facial expressions in the Russian language. / AA Akishina. - Moscow: Russian language, 1991. - 144 p.5. Birckenbach V. Intonation language, facial expressions, gestures / V. Birckenbach. - SPb. : Peter-Press, 1997. - 214 p.6. Velhover E.S., Vershinin B.V. Secret signs of a person / E.S. Velhover. - Moscow: People's Friendship University, 1998. - 320 p.7. L.G. Vikulova Fundamentals of Communication Theory / L.G. Vikulova. - Moscow: AST, 1997. - 316 p.