Фразеологизмы с компонентами 'успех/неудача’

Doch wer wie Jürgen Klinsmann ist geübt im Umgang mit Erfolg, der weiß, dass er am besten kalt und aus der Distanz wird genossen. ... Klinsmann früh hat begriffen, welche Risiken der Erfolg mit sich bringt, wie gefährlich es ist, sich von den wechselhaften Stimmungen der Fans und Medien leiten zu lassen. HochgefühlesindkeinegutenRatgeber.In his next essay, D. Glattauer talks about the football coach JurgenKlinsmann, who is called the" master of the end " (Meister des Endes). When planning each project, Klinsmann planned both its success and its subsequent popularity. He quickly realized the risks of success and the dangers of being led by fretful fans and the press. Experienced in dealing with the phenomenon of success and associated fame, Klinsmann prefers a tactic of behavior expressed by a metaphor-sentence: ... er (Erfolg) am bestenkalt und aus der Distanzgenossenwird.This trend is explained by the addition of new meanings to the semantic meaning of success, which encompass a wide range of concepts depending on the contextual and cognitive situation, which is unique in each work.While studying the examples which contains the semantic of failure in German and English we carried out eleven in English and seven in German. Let`s carry out a comparative analysis of peculiarities of the concept of "success" in German and English. The examples below show that in the English culture success is closely correlate to financial stability and career opposed to the German culture where success is associated with happiness and well-being. The table below demonstrate the main points of comparative analysis of peculiarities of the concept of "success" in German and English:Table 1 – The comparative data of "success" in German and EnglishIssue English cultureGerman culturefinancial stability+-career++happiness++well-being-+enjoyment ++So, we see, that German and English cultures have some similar features in the aspect by understanding success. Both demonstrate the value of enjoyment and happiness by the way to be successful. The difference by understanding of conceptsuccess is the fact that in English success is associated with financial stability and career and in German with well-being. 2.2. The Concept of "Failure" in English and German Phraseological Units2.2.1 Composition of The Concept "Failure" Based on Thesaurus DataIn the previous part, we reviewed the concept of "success" and revealed its meaning. But there are times when everything goes wrong (to go wrong / to misfire) as planned. And some emerging circumstances (circumstances), obstacles (obstacles), difficulties (difficulties) prevent us from achieving what we want. This means that we are losing (to fail) or losing (to lose). But even if you can't get rid of the difficulties (to get rid of the difficulties / to have troubles), if they are difficult to overcome (to overcome), you must try to cope with them (to cope with) and hope for a good result (to keep one's fingers crossed). After all, so sorry for the effort that went to waste (to come to nothing).Referring to English-language explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms allows you to identify the following lexical units in the core of the concept "failure»:misfortune; failure; bad; bad break; bad luck; hard lines; hard luck; ill luck; miscarriage; mishap; setback; rebuff; abortion; crab; defection; fail; fiasco; flivver; hoodoo; mischance; muff; reverse; rot; bad fortune; ill success; ambsace; clunker; crack-up; unluck; baffle; ore clinker; cropper; no-go; overshoot; washout; break down; a bad job; flash in the pan; bad job; rough luck; defeat; debacle; crack up; balk; ill-luck; meltdown; breakdown; break-down; back-set.For example: He failed in his attempt to break a record. So much effort and planning and it's all come to nothing. Using data from a number of British dictionaries, thesauri (Longman, Cambridge, Cobuild, Oxford, Duden, Wahrig) and dictionaries of synonyms (Longman Activator, Roget), we can identify the following main areas of the concept of " failure»:failure, failure;lack of something;the bankruptcy, insolvency;an unfavorable outcome of any business, plan, etc.;lack of success.Doris Craig, quotes the following phrases with the word failure:was sensitive to his failure;after the failure of the attempt on smb.;but it was all a failure and a disappointment;after four or five failures; so that a failure or two to begin with; a complete failure; the most conspicuous failure [Craig 1990].In the dictionaryDuden lists the following phrases with the word Misserfolg: ausdemMisserfolglernen;Misserfolgmiteinemenden;im Umgang mit Misserfolg große Probleme haben. Thus, it turns out that the word failure is quite often used in English to Express the concept of failure, along with such a phrase as bad luck. Misserfolg in German is used to Express failure, defeat, synonymous with Pech.2.2.2 Structure Analysis of the Concept of "Failure" Based on Fiction After we have considered the main nuclear lexical units that present the concept of "failure", we will proceed to analyze the implementation of the concept based on the actual language material.Let's look at the example of the analyzed works (Sophie Kinsella's "the Secret world of a Shopaholic" and Daniel Glattauer's" everyone has their own ants») actualization of the concept "failure"by means of phraseological units.First of all, the absurd situations that occur with the main characters are expressions of the concept of "failure" in these works:«I say good-night to the taxi driver and reach for my keys. I’m thinking that I’ll go and run a hot bath and sit in it, and calmly try to work out exactly what happened back there. Did Tarquin really see me looking through his checkbook? Maybe he just saw me pushing it back toward his place in a helpful manner. Maybe he saw nothing at all».«But then why did he suddenly become all stiff and polite? He must have seen something; suspected something. And then he’ll have noticed the way I flushed and couldn’t meet his eye. Oh God, why do I always have to look so guilty? I wasn’t even doing anything. I was just curious» .«Perhaps I should have quickly said something — made some joke about it. Turned it into a lighthearted, amusing incident. But what kind of joke can you make about leafing through someone’s private checkbook? Oh God, I’m so stupid. Why did I ever touch the bloody thing? I should have just sat, quietly sipping my drink" [46, p. 58].The main character realizes that her addiction to things can lead to something very bad, she even makes attempts to fight this addiction, but they are not always crowned with success.The peak of failure in this novel is the moment when Becky has already received fame and recognition, but has not yet got rid of her addiction, moreover, she begins to pursue the representative of the Bank to which she owed credit cards.«This is all getting out of hand. Now not only do I feel like an utter failure, I don’t feel safe anymore, either. I feel exposed and edgy. I sit on the sofa next to Mum, drinking tea and watching Countdown, and every time there's a sound outside, I jump" [46, p. 206].But optimism resourcefulness, sincerity and kindness always help her get out of it.«I don’t look bad, I think. I’m wearing my black skirt from French Connection, and a plain white T-shirt from Knickerbox, and a little angora cardigan which I got from M&S but looks like it might be Agn`es b. And my new square-toed shoes from Hobbs. Even better, although no one can see them, I know that underneath I’m wearing my gorgeous new matching knickers and bra with embroidered yellow rosebuds. They’re the best bit of my entire outfit. In fact, I almost wish I could be run over so that the world would see them" [46, p. 272].And Rebecca turns:«Wait just a moment. The new Rebecca has more self-control than this. The new Rebecca isn't even interested in fashion" [46, p. 284].Soon comes to her success:«Believe it or not, I’m really enjoying the questions on this phone-in. ... "[46, p. 303].As a reward for the experience, the girl gets love."Lying in the most comfortable bed in the world, feeling all dreamy and smiley and happy, ..." [46, p. 275].Consider the actualization of the concept of "failure" in the work of D. Glattauer "everyone has their own ants".«Aber eigentlich bin ich nicht in Ordnung. Und es ist nicht nur die Hitze, die Tränen über mein Gesicht laufen lässt. Plötzlich fühle ich mich wie ein völliger Misserfolg. Ich kann nicht einmal ein schnelles und einfaches Curry richtig machen. Und schau, wie viel Geld ich dafür ausgegeben habe, mit der Balti-Pfanne und der Schürze und all den Gewürzen. . Oh, es ist alles schief gegangen, nicht wahr? Ich habe überhaupt nicht gekürzt. DieseWoche war einevölligeKatastrophe" [47, p. 88].If you take this passage out of context, it can be assumed that the girl is upset with her unsuccessful attempts to self-actualize as a cook, but this is a misconception, since the basis of the heroine's failures is her dependence on purchases. She likes to spend money on various, sometimes quite unnecessary things, although the heroine clearly has a concept of style and taste.The realization of helplessness, that is, the recognition that there are no forces that can make the heroine fight with her "bad habit" leads her to despair, and in this state, she calls herself a failure.«Nein!» Jammere ich. "Es war, weil ich Schulden habe! Und mein Vater sagte, ich solle sparen oder mehr Geld verdienen. Also habe ich versucht, das zu reduzieren. Aber es hat nicht funktioniert. Ich breche ab und schaudere vor Schluchzen. "Ich bin nur ein völliger Misserfolg." " [47, p. 88].She seems to be asking and shouting for help, addressing her friend. Help her overcome the series of failures that had befallen her because of her own addiction.The concept of "failure" is represented in the analyzed works, for the most part, by peripheral lexical units, which is explained by the increment of new semantic information to nuclear lexemes.While studying the examples which contains the semantic of failurein German and English we carried out eight in English and two in German. Let`s carry out a comparative analysis of peculiarities of the concept of "failure" in German and English. The examples below show that the English culture understand failure as antonym to success while Germans mean that failure is associated with something bad. The table below demonstrate the main points of comparative analysis of peculiarities of the concept of "failure" in German and English:Table 2 – The comparative data of "failure" in German and EnglishIssue English cultureGerman cultureantonym to success+-something bad-+overset -+bad lack ++So, we see, that German and English cultures have some similar features in the aspect by understanding failure. Both demonstrate the value of bad lack, which is associated with failure. The difference by understanding of concept failure is the fact that in English failure is understood as antonym to successand in German it is associated withsomething bad. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2The concepts of "success" and" failure " are an integral part of the conceptual picture of the world of English and German cultures. They occupy a high level in the hierarchy of concepts and have a high frequency of verbalization in speech at the lexical and phraseological level.Based on the study of these phraseological units that nominate the concepts of "success" and "failure" in fictionin English and German, we can conclude that success is understood as:career achievements;how to consistently overcome obstacles on the way to the goal;as a result of spent energy and work;as a quality of a person who always gets what he wants;how to achieve a goal.The lexemes "success" and "Erfolg"have a high frequency of use and a wide valence and are, along with the word’s success and erfolgsreich, key in updating the conceptual space "success". The concept of "success" is multi-layered in nature.In relation to the concept of "failure", the word failure is quite often used in English to Express the concept of "failure", along with such a phrase as bad luck.Success is closely associated with professional fulfillment, recognition by other people, financial viability, well-being, and happiness. As for the expression of failure in the analyzed works, we note that it is expressed in unsuccessful attempts to establish a personal life, career, relationships with other people. Heroes give up before life circumstances, want to avoid all difficulties, however, they still want to seem successful in the eyes of their surrounding people, which, in turn, leads to insincerity in relationships and affects the overall well-being of heroes who are in a state of constant defeat. The concept of "failure" is represented in the works of S. Kinsella "the Secret world of the Shopaholic" and D. Glattauer "everyone has their own ants", primarily by the failures of the characters, their fears and problems.CONCLUSIONPhraseological reflection of basic linguistic and cultural concepts is in the sphere of interest of linguoculturology, where the relationship between language and culture is studied. The phraseological picture of the world is represented by phraseologisms, which are understood as indivisible stable phrases that are used in speech in a ready-made unchangeable form, expressing linguistic and cultural codes and characterized by a bright national specificity. Such parameters of phraseological units make them the optimal material for studying the manifestations of linguistic and cultural concepts, as they are "success" and "failure".National-marked concepts are those Central units around which whole areas of national culture are organized. By studying their development, it is possible to demonstrate the General principles that form the structure and unity of the national-cultural sphere of the people as a whole and can often explain a number of concepts that exist in various spheres of public life. After all, values and attitudes that are generally accepted in colloquial practice are due to the content of national-marked concepts, both at the present stage of the nation's development, and include the previous ones, often preserved only by the subconscious of native speakers, associative and evaluative representations.The national concept sphere consists of linguistic and cultural concepts, which include:non-equivalent concepts reflected in the language of non-equivalent vocabulary;linguistic and cultural concepts with a pronounced national specificity;universal concepts that have received certain specific features in the consciousness of the people.The concepts of "success" and "failure" are linguistic universals, since they are inherent in all cultures without exception. These concepts are an integral part of the conceptual picture of the world of English and German cultures. They occupy a high level in the hierarchy of concepts and have a high frequency of verbalization in speech at the lexical and phraseological level.Based on the study of these phraseological units that nominate the concepts of "success" and "failure" in fictionin English and German, we can conclude that success is understood as:career achievements;how to consistently overcome obstacles on the way to the goal;as a result of spent energy and work;as a quality of a person who always gets what he wants;how to achieve a goal.The lexemes "success" and "Erfolg"have a high frequency of use and a wide valence and are, along with the word’s success and erfolgsreich, key in updating the conceptual space "success". The concept of "success" is multi-layered in nature.In English, the lexeme failure and its derivatives are used to Express the concept of "failure" within a work of art. The absolute synonym of this lexical unit is the phraseological phrase bad luck. In German, the lexemes Misserfolg and Pech are used to Express the concept of "failure".Analysis of the concepts "success" and "failure" based on the works by S. Kinsella "the Secret world of a Shopaholic" and D. Glattauer "all of their ants" have shown that understanding the heroes of success in the analyzed novels is a confirmation of desires, aspirations and ambitions of the main characters works. Success is closely associated with professional fulfillment, recognition by other people, financial viability, well-being, and happiness. As for the expression of failure in the analyzed works, we note that it is expressed in unsuccessful attempts to establish a personal life, career, relationships with other people. Heroes give up before life circumstances, want to avoid all difficulties, however, they still want to seem successful in the eyes of their surrounding people, which, in turn, leads to insincerity in relationships and affects the overall well-being of heroes who are in a state of constant defeat.The concept of "failure" is represented in the works of S. Kinsella "the Secret world of the Shopaholic" and D. Glattauer "everyone has their own ants", primarily by the failures of the characters, their fears and problems.LISTOFREFERENCES1.АвалианиЮ.Ю. К сопоставительной стилистике ФЕ (на материале образно-символических заголовков художественных произведений) / Вопросы фразеологии романских и германских языков. Самарканд: Самаркандский государственный университет им. А. Навои, 1981. С.4-12. 2.Алефиренко Н.Ф. Лингвокультурология. Ценностно-смысловое пространство языка, Учебное пособие. — М.: Флинта, 2010. — 288 с.3.Алефиренко, Н. Ф. Спорные проблемы семантики. 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