English and Russians proverbs and sayings, the similarities and differences.

The attitude of society to money is reflected in various manifestations of culture, and therefore, in language, in particular in proverbs. A feature of proverbs about money is the presence in them, with rare exceptions, of the names of banknotes.
In English, the center of the "Money" theme is formed by proverbs that glorify the all-conquering power of money.
Money is the only monarch.
Money is power.
If money go before, all ways lie open.
The second largest group is made up of proverbs about the creative, motivating power of money.
Money makes the man (merchant, marriage, mastery ...).
Money makes the old wife trot (the mare to go, the pot boil ...).
In the English proverb, the concept "money" acts as a lord or servant to a person, in Russians, on the contrary, a person is presented as a possible lord or servant of money. Also in the Russian language there is a fairly large layer of proverbs, where the comparison of money with other concepts is not made in favor of money, and it is even said that money is a source of misfortune.
Money is the life of war.
Money can not buy happiness.
Money can do a lot, but the truth is everything.
Money is a gain.
Money is an art.
In a number of Russian proverbs, metaphors are found that are not noted in the English material. Thus, in several proverbs, the conceptual metaphor “money flies” is realized.
Money is wings.
Money - fluff, just blow on it, and no.
In another proverb, spending money quickly is associated with agility:
You can't get money for money.
The main place among the considered groups is occupied by proverbs, in which the names of banknotes are accompanied by various pre-positive definitions: our own, others, labor, righteous, paternal.
It is easy to go with other people's money.
Counting someone else's money - you won't get rich.
A government penny does not sink on water, does not burn on fire.
The ownership of money or the method of obtaining it turns out to be important differential features of the concept of “money”, which is significant for the Russian people. The proverbs present such topics as: "money is labor", "money is someone else's", "money is father's", "money is peasant."
Semantic opposition and emotiveness also make it possible to speak of a greater national originality of Russian proverbs. These qualities can be considered as their distinctive characteristics, while for English proverbs it is not possible to single out such characteristics.
Comparative analysis of proverbs of domestic animals
The importance of the animal world for man, his close connection with this world, the fact that man has long drawn analogies between himself and animals are consistently reflected in the language. The metaphor "man-animal" belongs to the main conceptual metaphors and is universal. Of course, specific realizations in a particular language differ in the choice of animals and in the associative complexes associated with these animals. This metaphor is present in many English and Russian proverbs, in particular in proverbs with concepts of pets. Proverbs referring to such a significant and necessary domestic animal as a horse are widely represented in both English and Russian. In most, proverbs have a figurative meaning and tell about the world of people, not animals:
It is too late to shut stable door, after the horst has been stolen.
A fast horse will become faster.
The knowledge that it is too late to take action when the trouble has already occurred, and that excessive haste is undesirable, is directly related to the person, and the situation described in its internal form and including the concept of a horse is only a particular concrete manifestation of this generalized knowledge.
For the proverbial prototype of a cat in both languages, the cognitema "a naughty cat" is noted.
The cat shuts its eyes while it steals cream.
The cat smells whose meat it has eaten.
At the same time, Russian proverbs indicate the need to put an end to the leprosy of a cat and a cat, in English this topic is not traced.
Full of the cat to drag from the cup.
In both languages, the prototype under consideration is "opposed" to the concept of mice
When the cat’s away, the mice will play.
Let the cat wink and let the mouse run.
Toys for a cat and tears for a mouse.
For a mouse and a cat to play.
At the concept level, the characteristics of the English and Russian cats are very diverse and basically do not coincide.
English catlive:
A cat has nine lives.
Excessive fertility:
The cat hath lost count.
Neladits with a dog:
The cat and dog may kiss, yet are none the better friends.
Russian proverbial cat lives in a hut:
A man and a dog in the yard, and a woman and a cat in the hut.
Washing before the arrival of guests:
For a long time the cat washed its face, but there are no guests.
Doesn't get along with his own kind:

Conclusion

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn.
The level of meaning of proverbs reflects the meaning of stereotypes of human behavior in society, moral norms, everyday truths and typical everyday situations. Proverbs consolidate knowledge about specific situations, manifestations of common everyday truths associated with everyday life, everyday life, with the world directly observed by a person.
The analysis shows a significant similarity between the proverbial ideas about the world among the English and Russian peoples. So, in the word-by-word fragments "Work, labor / Work, labor" the components are defining: "you have to work to get something", "work gives food", "what is work, such is the reward", "worker evaluated according to work, "laziness leads to poverty and hunger." This similarity is due to the coincidence of the socio-historical conditions of life of peoples, the general laws of the development of human life, which give a single experience, a single meaning of the "rules of life."
In proverbial fragments "Money / Money" coincidence is also noted. In the proverbs about countries, cities and their inhabitants, the main similarity is found at the categorical level of division into friends and foes, one's own country and foreign countries, where the opinion is clearly traced that “one's own country is better than foreign countries”, “people of a foreign nationality”.
Proverbial concepts about animals also have significant similarities.
In the compared fragments of proverbial pictures of the world, qualitative differences associated with the manifestation of a specific national “outlook on things” are also revealed. So, for example, in the Russian fragment "Work, Labor" a number of proverbs expresses a very skeptical attitude towards the expediency of labor, which is explained by socio-historical reasons. The Russian proverbs reflect, first of all, the mentality of the peasant, which is explained by the long-term predominance of the peasantry in the social structure of Russia. Therefore, in comparison with English, Russian proverbs represent much more situations of rural labor, rural realities. In English words, there is not only the worldview of the peasant, but also of other social strata. So, in the English proverbial "map of the world" the gaze of a traveler-sailor is reflected, the gaze of a man with wealth, riding a horse, and not only working on it, the gaze of an educated person.
The results obtained are based on an analysis of a limited, but highly indicative proverbial material. The study made it possible to first determine the "boundaries" of the proverbial picture of the world, and then, within the established boundaries, describe the most significant for a person fragment of the proverbial picture of the world associated with work, with money, one of the main goals of work, with household animals that play an important role in everyday life.
List of references

Dal V.I.Proverbs of the Russian people. - M .: Eksmo Publishing House, NNN Publishing House, 2003.
MI Dubrovin English and Russian proverbs and sayings, Moscow: Enlightenment, 1993;
Zimin, V.I.Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people. Explanatory dictionary / V.I. Zimin, A.S. Spirin - M .: Suite, -1996. -544 p.
Ivanova E. V. Proverbial pictures of the world 2002 \ SPb
Modestov V.S.English proverbs and sayings 2009 \ M .: Russian language - Media
Kunin A. V. Course of phraseology of the English language. - M .: Higher school, 1986.
VM Mokienko In the depth of sayings: stories about the origin of winged words and figurative expressions; Moscow: Parity, 1999. - 224 p.
Rumyantseva I.M.Russian and English Proverbs and Sayings 2008 \ M .: Filomatis
Snegirev, I. M. Russians in their proverbs. Reasoning and research on Russian proverbs and sayings: in 4 kn. / I.M.Sne-girev. - M.
Chus N. G. It is not for nothing that the proverb says: more than 5000 Russian, Ukrainian, English and French proverbs Publisher: Book House LIBROKOM 256s; 2013








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