Идеальная демократия у Локка и Монтескьё

However, the author was quite skeptical about both the idea of dividing sovereignty and the resulting principle of separation of powers.S. L. Montesquieu has not yet come to think of equality, sharing the three powers, considering D Locke higher legislative power and the executive are "limited nature". However, D. Locke and even more important principle, which went beyond all his strength, should be not only the separation of powers but also mutual moderation. S. L. Montesquieu is a judicial, regulatory, legislative, and executive body that should not go beyond its limits. When it comes to legislative and executive power, they repel each other. The executive power (in the first place represented by the monarch) has the power to veto the decision of the legislative Assembly, determine the rules of procedure of its work and dissolve the Assembly. The legislative branch supervises the implementation of laws by the executive branch and holds Ministers accountable for their violations. However, S. L. Montesquieu emphasizes that the legislative power should not restrict the executive power by suspending its decisions, since it is already restricted by nature and it makes no sense to restrict it again. It is, in its most general form, S. L. Consider the problem related to Montesquieu.The teachings of Locke and Montesquieu had a great influence on the general practice of the state and the law.However, in addition to the three-tier power distribution system, there are also two tiers, of theoretical interest to this paper. The originator of the theory advocating the ideals of democracy, J. Tolkien. It was Calvin. He called his goal the protection of the rights and welfare of ordinary people. To reduce the risk of abuse of power, they were asked to establish a series of political institutions that were to check each other on the basis of a system of checks and balances.It should be noted that John Locke's system was used in the United States, but soon "it became very important that all branches of government should be in the legislature: legislative, executive, and judicial ... One hundred and seventy-three despots are, of course, the same tyrants as one tyrant"After the United States abandoned the model of John Locke, it was replaced by the modified model of Charles-Louis Montesquieu, whose main difference was the vertical distribution of forces. To the system of" checks and balances "of Montesquieu were added several new principles: firstly, the ways of formation of state organs; secondly, the different mandates of state organs; and thirdly, a mechanism was created to" overcome " dictatorial tendencies of power.ReferencesDevletoglou, Nicos E. (1963). "Montesquieu and the Wealth of Nations". TheCanadianJournalofEconomicsandPoliticalScience. 29 (1): 1–25.Mack, Eric (2008). "Locke, John (1632–1704)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. pp. 305–07. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4.Moseley, Alexander (2007), John Locke: Continuum Library of Educational Thought, Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264-8405-5Rousseau, George S. (2004), Nervous Acts: Essays on Literature, Culture and Sensibility, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-4039-3453-6Schaub, Diana J., Erotic Liberalism: Women and Revolution in Montesquieu's 'Persian Letters' (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995).Tomaselli, Sylvana. "The spirit of nations". In Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler, eds., The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). pp. 9–39.Waldron, Jeremy (2002), God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-89057-1