Studying of collocations as a linguistic phenomenon (based on the material of British online publications)

They differ in their internal structure, the system of presentation of language material, presentation of meanings, aimed at the development of communicative skills. An active dictionary not only gives all the meanings of an unfamiliar word, illustrating them with context, but also helps to find the right word for any situation, starting from a concept, from an idea. The language material of such a dictionary includes not so much units of language as a sign system, native speakers operate with those units of speech. Such a dictionary is an attempt to create a universal dictionary that fully satisfies the needs of everyone [10].The Longman Language Activator provides information not only about the various meanings expressed by a word, but also about the styles and types of contexts in which it is used, about the set of grammatical constructions (frames) where this word occurs, and about the communicative function of this word. The dictionary mainly includes frequent, widely used words. However, this dictionary is not a simple spelling and grammatical reference of English words and phrases. This is a dictionary of concepts, ideas and concepts about objects and situations surrounding us [26].Collocation is one of the main and most common ways of expressing ideas, thoughts, concepts or concepts. In addition, a collocation can denote a much larger number of phenomena than a single word [8]. The task of any dictionary is to explain and fully disclose all the meanings of the word. And the dictionary of the active type should also teach how to use this word in speech, it should, representing a model that simulates a person's ability to understand and produce semantically correct, meaningful sentences, provide not only passive, but also active possession of the meaning of the word. An active dictionary is able to select in one dictionary entry up to 20 synonymous expressions for one expression, and indicate more common cases of their use in speech, it also provides antonymic meanings of words and expressions. Such a high result is achieved through the use of collocations, and they prevail in most dictionary entries. Therefore, the most important function of collocation in an active dictionary is that, due to their frequency, to increase the number of synonymous, antonymous statements in a dictionary entry, thereby expanding the reader's vocabulary [10].Thus, collocation in an active dictionary of an explanatory type acts as an alternative unit of speech to the word (synonymous or antonymous), thereby expanding the user's vocabulary with this dictionary. Collocation in an active dictionary carries a number of common functions that show the system semantic and stylistic oppositions of a dictionary unit and serves as one of the means of lexicographic description of the meaning of a word, being its microcontext. In the role of the closest context of the word, collocation performs the following functions: establishes the total number of meanings of the word assigned to it in a given period; establishes paradigmatic relations between the elements of word’s semantic structure; differentiates synonyms; illustrates the combinable potencies of the word and promotes the development of conversational skills.Collocation can be a capital word or an entry into the dictionary, it semanticizes the word, it is an illustration, the context of the use of the word in speech and indicates the «neighbors» of the word on different axes of semantic space [denisov]. Collocations bring clearer understanding of the language, bring speech diversity, and dictionaries actively provide an opportunity for a deeper study of collocations and the rules of their use in speech.Conclusion on Chapter 1Since no single word, even if composed of several bases, is inherently unable to express the entire complex picture of the world around us, there is a need to master this world and designate new phenomena not only with the help of new words, but also phrases.Language development occurs not only in the form of quantitative enrichment, although t enrichment is of great importance and goes on continuously, so that the influx of words in a living language is always much more intense than their loss; simultaneously with the increase in the number of words, there is also a qualitative improvement in the vocabulary. For the implementation of the communicative and expressive function of language, accuracy, expressiveness, a large semantic variety of vocabulary, the ability to strictly differentiate concepts, to convey more and more subtle shades of thought and feelings are necessary. The need to differentiate concepts, to express shades of thoughts and feelings calls collocations.Collocation implies a stable combination of words. This concept includes such names as stable phrases without reinterpretation and with reinterpretation, stylistically neutral and possessing significant expressiveness, evaluativeness, emotiveness, phraseological units, idioms, euphemisms, etc.The study of collocations in the framework of learning a foreign language is an important step. After all, it is very important to understand in what key, in what situations and in what way it is worth using the word and collocations correctly. 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