PRIVATE LAW PRINCIPLES.

"The principle of the closest connection (ProperLaw) received international recognition as a principle of private international law by the end of the 20th century, and appeared in Russian law on March 1, 2002, with the adoption of Part III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which included Section VI "International Private Law". The significance given to it by the legislator and the breadth of its manifestation in the regulation of contractual relations determine its significance as a principle of private international law, although it is not formally fixed in this capacity. Nevertheless, already in the first article of Section VI (Art. 1186) of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation it is indicated: if it is impossible to determine the law to be applied, the law of the country with which the civil law relationship, complicated by a foreign element, is most closely connected, is applied. Like the principle of autonomy of will, the principle of the closest connection is a manifestation of dispositive private law principles of private international law, tk. is aimed at increasing the flexibility of legal regulation in solving the problem of choosing the applicable law.In accordance with the provisions of Section VI, Part III of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the principle of the closest connection covers such general situations as the issue of choosing the applicable law of a country with a plurality of legal systems, in this case, if it is impossible to determine the applicable law in accordance with the law of this country, the legal system with which the attitude is most closely related (Art. 1188 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); when applying the law of any country, the court may take into account the peremptory norms of the law of another country that has a close connection with the relationship, if, according to the law of this country, such norms are norms of direct application (Article 1192 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); in the absence of an agreement between the parties on the applicable law, the law of the country applies to the contract where, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the place of residence or main place of business of the party that carries out the performance is decisive for the content of the contract (Article 1211 Civil Code of the Russian Federation); a treaty containing elements of various treaties is subject to the law of the country with which this treaty, considered as a whole, is most closely related, unless it follows from the law, conditions or essence of this treaty or the totality of the circumstances of the case that the applicable law is to be determined for such elements of this agreements separately (clause 10 of article 1211 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation); in the absence of an agreement between the parties on the law applicable to the contract in relation to real estate, the law of the country with which the contract is most closely connected (Article 1213 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) applies. Thus, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation fixed the general purpose of the principle of the closest connection for the regulation of all types of civil law relations complicated by a foreign element, if it is impossible to determine the law to be applied in accordance with the rules of conflict.It seems that the proposed approach to understanding the sectoral principles of private international law, highlighting the initial fundamental principles, makes it possible to deepen the understanding of the legal nature of private international law, enhance the integrity of the perception of private international law as an independent branch of law, and also more clearly understand the systemic unity of interconnected branches of international law.private, international public and civil law.The current state of private law in RussiaThe current state of private law in Russia is determined by a number of factors, the approach to which is ambiguous in law enforcement practice. Thus, the civil legislation of Russia is in constant and rather active development, which causes controversial assessments in theory and practice. At the same time, the need for such changes is dictated by the experience of applying the existing norms, which is why the amendments are seen as significant. In such a situation, it is difficult to analyze the consistency of private law at the present stage of its development due to the fact that it is impossible to analyze practice according to unstable norms. Private law, in the part in which it is invariable or almost invariable, is undoubtedly a significant social institution for regulating public relations, which, in our opinion, manifests itself, first of all, in the freedom of contractual regulation of private law relations.One of the indicators of the current state of private law as an independent mega-sphere of law for the regulation of public relations is the formalization as a scientific discussion of the issue of dividing law into private and public. In the Soviet period of development of law, there were practically no such discussions. Today we are talking about the need to perceive the division of law into private and public, we consider it necessary to develop approaches to its measure.Private law will undergo changes over and over again. The value of private law is due to the factors of the availability of methods of non-state regulation of relations between subjects of law. Of course, initially the norms allowing such regulation were delegated by the state, but at the same time, the subjects of specific legal relations themselves are able to establish regulators, expressed in the norms of treaties and agreements.This state of affairs has a positive effect on social processes in almost all spheres of society. So, for the economy, private law is valuable for the presence of sufficient efficiency in regulating the relations of subjects of entrepreneurial activity in relation to state regulation of the same relations. Therefore, it is important to take into account the special role of private law regulators for analyzing the state of the social system as a whole.The study of the state of private law in modern conditions of legal life of society is important both for the scientific community and for practicing lawyers, economists, as well as for a number of representatives of other professions, since private law allows regulating a significant part of public relations by agreement of the parties on the implementation of corresponding rights and obligations.ConclusionThus, the following conclusions can be drawn.The current state of private law as a mega-sphere of law is undergoing constant development.The paper investigates the issue of the need for state regulation of private law relations, concludes about the positive impact of such regulation, examines the role of public law categories in the private law of Russia. 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