Salivary glands diseases in children. The types, localization and clinical appearance and treatment.

CytomegalyA viral disease seen in newborns and weakened, premature infants; has been described in children with congenital malformation of the lip and palate. The causative agent is a virus from the herpes group. Introduction of the virus occurs intrauterine. The virus initially affects the salivary glands, but the process can become generalized and spread to the lungs, kidneys, liver, intestines, and brain.The clinical picture is characterized by swelling of the parotid salivary glands, less often of the submandibular and sublingual glands, which occurs because of blockage of the salivary ducts by giant epithelial cells. These cells are found in saliva, urine, and feces. If the process is generalized, symptoms typical of acute inflammation occur.Clinical signs usually appear 1-2 months after delivery: lung damage (pneumonia), prolonged jaundice, increased liver, spleen, kidney disease, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, anemia. The disease can have a long-term relapsing character. Maximum lethality from cytomegalovirus infection occurs in months 2-4. The prognosis is unfavorable.Parotitis of the newborn infantThe etiology of the disease is not clear. Pathogenesis is poorly understood. It affects weakened children (premature, with septicemia and concomitant congenital pathology), that is, those with an unfavorable biological premorbid background. The development of the disease is promoted by mastitis of the nursing mother. Clinical symptoms are typical for parotitis. The disease develops acutely, more often in the first week of the child's life. It begins with the appearance of dense inflammatory infiltrates on one or both sides in the periauricular area, temperature rise and intoxication symptoms are noted. The gland is thickened, painful on palpation. The mouth of the discharge duct is dilated. After 2-3 days, purulent or purulent-necrotic melting of the gland occurs, and fluctuation is detected on palpation. Purulent discharge occurs from the ducts of the salivary gland.Treatment. If purulent melting of the gland – early surgical treatment: dissection of the focus by incisions along the lower edge of the zygomatic arch and submandibular area with wound drainage. Antibacterial therapy, desensitization therapy, detoxification therapy, resuscitation measures are recommended.ConclusionIt is difficult to overestimate the role of salivary glands in the harmony of functional interaction of oral organs and tissues. Their condition often determines the prerequisites for the development and nature of the course of various diseases.Salivary gland diseases are mainly characterized by an inflammatory process. If the salivary glands become inflamed and infectious foci appear, severe diseases can develop:sialolithiasis, cysts, Sjögren's syndrome, sialadenitis. 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