Explain the swiftness of the European conquest of Latin America.

In the new world, the native population suffered great losses[7]. The main culprits of the losses were not so much bloody conquests as such a disease as smallpox. The aborigines had no natural immunity against new diseases that killed more effectively than the conquistadors. Suppression of local culture Under Spanish rule, local religions and culture were brutally suppressed. Many manuscripts were burned by zealous priests who believed them to be the work of the devil. Only very few survived. Currently, many local indigenous groups are trying to restore them in search of their identity. The exploitation of the Spanish conquerors were granted estates, that is, plots of land with everything on them. In theory, the owners of these estates were supposed to protect people who found themselves in their power, but in reality it was usually legalized slavery. The authorities allowed the local population to report abuses, but the courts worked exclusively in Spanish. This excluded the majority of the indigenous population from the legal field, at least until the late period of the colonial era. Before the invasion, local cultures had their own social structures based on castes and nobility[3]. They were destroyed - the aliens killed the most powerful leaders and deprived the nobility of privileges and wealth. Only in Peru did some of the noble Incas retain wealth and influence, but later their privileges were reduced to zero. The loss of the upper classes contributed to the marginalization of the indigenous population as a whole. Because the Spaniards rejected the old manuscripts and other indigenous forms of accounting. The history of the region was considered non-existent. What is now known about pre-Columbian civilizations is messy and contradictory. The new authorities portrayed the former local cultures and their leaders as bloody and tyrannical. This allowed them to represent the conquest as the liberation of peoples. Due to the loss of true history, it is difficult to understand the past of the region today. The Spanish and Portuguese colonists who came after the conquistadors followed in their footsteps. They did not go to work on construction sites, on farms or ranches. The colonists considered such work to be the lot of the locals. They cruelly exploited the labor of the indigenous population without thinking about the long term. This has slowed down the economic and cultural growth of the region. Traces of this attitude are still found in Latin America, for example, in Brazilian folklore malandragem, the lifestyle of a petty criminal and a fraudster, is sung.One of the results of the invasion of Europeans on new continents for them was the extermination of the local population. Another result was the spread of Christianity far beyond Europe. After the Great Geographical Discoveries, there was a shift of the most important maritime trade routes from the inland seas to the ocean[1]. The influx of huge amounts of gold and silver from America to Europe led to the so-called price revolution, falling prices for precious metals and rising prices for other goods. And since feudal rent in Western European countries at that time was fixed in monetary terms, the price revolution led to the impoverishment of a significant part of the feudal lords, especially the small–scale nobles and the strengthening of the positions of merchants and artisans, contributed to the emergence and strengthening of a new class - the bourgeoisie and the gradual displacement of feudal production relations by capitalist ones. Huge changes have taken place in gastronomy, Europeans have mastered new foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, corn, cocoa, coffee and tea, addicted to smoking tobacco.ConclusionIn Latin America, there were no countries as such by the end of the XV-th - beginning of the XVI-th centuries. The empires of the Incas, Aztecs and Maya were assemblies of a wide variety of tribes, of varying degrees of proximity to power. The most distant from the authorities in general were happy to meet the conquerors (Spanish Conquistadores), showing the paths to where the loot from them or their neighbors lay.All these Empires had already passed the peaks of power and represented the same thing as the Western Roman Empire of the beginning of the 5th century. That is, relatively powerless state formations with lower and more numerous tribes very tired of their domination, who easily surrendered their masters to the Spaniards.Pre-state tribes with non-established state formations, tribal chieftainship pattern, showed great resistance to the conquerors, as they fought for their land and their freedom. There were many such tribes not only in North America, but also in the jungles of South America, where armed resistance to colonizers was characteristic even at the end of the XIX century.The main reason for the rapid colonization of Latin American countries by Europeans was that Europe needed new lands, there were few minerals and little land in Europe. Therefore, there was a need to explore and conquer new lands.Consequences: 1. Reduction of the indigenous population; 2. Depletion of the wealth of the conquered lands. 3. The destruction of the cultures of peoples (especially the Inca state - it was developed, no less developed than Spain or Portugal); 4. There was a good thing - the export of technology from Europe to colonial lands. 5. For Europe - new lands rich in minerals. 6. But new diseases that did not exist in Europe (for example, yellow fever, tropical fevers, etc...) 7. In some countries, the population showed very serious resistance to the colonialists (Spanish King Philip said about Chile that the country cost him the color of the Spanish nobility).Colonialism and its consequences remain one of the most controversial issues in world history today. What did European colonization bring to the peoples of Africa, Latin America and Asia? Of course, in many of its manifestations, it turned into a disgrace for Europeans. In the colonial wars, the masses of the indigenous population died; the slave trade introduced by the colonizers into practice led in the XVI–XIX centuries to a reduction in the population of the African continent by 16 million people. Gold and precious stones, rare woods, minerals, etc. were exported to Europe in huge volumes. But it was the colonialists who laid the foundation for those branches of industry and agriculture, which sometimes still remain the most important for the economy of the countries of the "periphery". The mining of diamonds in Africa, metals in Latin America, even the cultivation of tea in Ceylon and the cultivation of rubber trees in Malaysia – all this would have been impossible without the intervention of Europeans. On the eve of the First World War, the United States became the economic leader of the planet, uniting, as you know, the former British, French and Spanish colonial possessions, and Argentina, also a former Spanish colony, took the seventh line in the list of the largest economies.History does not know the subjunctive mood. Therefore, the successes and failures of some countries have to be compared with the successes and failures of others, and not with what their own successes and failures could be in a different turn of events. In this light, the current situation of the Third World looks depressing. But many of the horrors of this situation should be given "credit" to the Governments and peoples of these countries themselves. At the same time, the loss of natural resources is incomparable with any looting that the colonizers were capable of.We are far from considering European colonization as a benefit for the peoples of the countries of the world's "periphery", but the fact remains that it was after the collapse of the European colonial empires that the gap in the welfare of citizens of the "first" and Third World began to grow especially rapidly. If at the beginning of the XIX century average incomes per capita in the developed world exceeded the indicators of countries now belonging to developing countries by 1.5–3 times, and in the middle of the XX – by 7-9 times, then the gap existing today is 50-75 times. To what extent has the new round of globalization accelerated this process? Is the growing gap caused by the impoverishment of the population of peripheral regions? Is modern globalization different from its previous stages?A new stage in the development of globalization processes, which began in the 60s of the last century, not only did not refute the patterns found at earlier stages, but also confirmed them.BibliographyAdelman, Jeremy, ed. Colonial Legacies: The Problem of Persistence in Latin American History. New York: Routledge 1999.Kinsbruner, Jay. The Colonial Spanish-American City: Urban Life in the Age of Atlantic Capitalism. Austin: University of Texas Press 2005.Lane, Kris, Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 1500-1750. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe 1998.Miller, Shawn William. An Environmental History of Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press 2007.Muldoon, James. The Americas in the Spanish World Order: The Justification of Conquest in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1998.Stein, Stanley J. and Barbara H. Stein. 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