Функционирование эпитета в газетно - публицистическом стилях в английском языке

По тематике выбранные статьи разнообразны, что позволяет определить разныеусловия функционирования эпитетов в газетно-публицистическом стиле. В ходе решения пятой задачи нами были составленыклассификации эпитетов, используемых в англоязычномгазетно-публицистическом стиле. В структурном отношении в газетно-публицистических статьях доминируют простые эпитеты (76,%), представленные чаще всегоприлагательными в пре- и постпозиции, а также наречиями и существительными. С другой стороны, здесь отмечены все структурные виды эпитетов, но в меньшем процентном соотношении: двухступенчатые (11,1%), составные (7,9%), инвертированные (3,2%) и фразовые (1,6%). По эмоциональной окраске в газетно-публицистическом стиле чаще используются пейоративные эпитеты (65,1%), исходя из обычно серьезной тематики газетных статей. Мелиоративная окраска отмечается реже (34,9%), и иногда она проявляется только в определенномконтексте. По степени узнаваемостидоминирующее положение в газетных статьях занимают авторские эпитеты (93,6%), Устойчивые эпитеты используются крайне редко (6,4%) и с определенной целью – обыгрывания или создания особой поэтики. Шестой задачей исследования было выделить функции эпитетов в газетно-публицистических публикациях. Среди них выделены оценочная, поэтическая, сатирическая, эвфемистическаяфункции, а также функции выражения авторской позиции, создания стереотипного образа и выражения похвалы.Таким образом, можно сделать вывод о большом структурном, эмоциональном и образном разнообразии эпитетов в газетно-публицистическом стиле в английском языке, а также об их многофункциональности в газетных статьях, что говорит о важности использования эпитетов в этом функциональном стиле. СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВАрнольд И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык. – 5-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Флинта: Наука, 2002. – 384 с.Ахманова О.С. 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[Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: URL: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/13/relationship-britain-russia-money-report (дата обращения: 01.12.2023).Forrest A. Boris Johnson says describing black people as having ‘watermelon smiles’ was ‘wholly satirical’ // The Independent. – 30.06.2019. [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-conservative-leadership-latest-racism-watermelon-smiles-satirical-a8981166.html (дата обращения: 01.12.2023).Lusher A. John Galliano is 'a man of courage' for admitting his mistakes after anti-Semitic rants, says rabbi who counselled him // The Independent. – 11.06.2015. [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/john-galliano-is-a-man-of-courage-for-admitting-his-mistakes-after-antisemitic-rants-says-rabbi-who-counselled-him-10300984.html (дата обращения: 01.12.2023).Moss S. Come what come May // The Guardian. – 11.05.2015. [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: URL: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/may/11/weatherwatch-come-what-may (дата обращения: 01.12.2023).Ng K. Conde Nast shuts down Vogue Russia over ‘senseless war’ and censorship laws // The Independent. – 21.04.2022. [Электронный ресурс] // Режим доступа: URL: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/vogue-russia-conde-nast-ukraine-b2062183.html (дата обращения: 01.12.2023).ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕСписок примеров функционирования эпитетов в статьях газет «TheGuardian» и «TheIndependent»№ЭпитетКонтекст использования1BadBad Samaritan –second-rate thriller beset by thestench of misogyny2second-rate3of misogyny4small-timeDavid Tennant’s psychotic abductor is chanced upon by asmall-time criminal in a film that leaves atruly nasty taste5truly nasty6fantastically charmlessWhat is David Tennant doing in thisfantastically charmless and 6аunpleasant film?7unpleasant8lucklessBut they’ve got a scam going – using a car’s satnav history they can figure out the owner’s address, giving them a couple of hours to burgle the house and get the car back before thelucklessdiner steps back out of the restaurant.9obnoxiousOne night, a richobnoxious type called Cale (Tennant) tosses them the keys to his Maserati, and Sean is horrified to discover this creep has a young woman (Kerry Condon) chained up in his cellar.10muddledSean abandons the burglary and blunders out with a muddled idea of helping her, calling the cops.11badHe’s been a bad guy in the past but now he’ll be the good Samaritan.12good13psychopathicBut psychopathic Cale is on to him.14insidiously unsavouryThere is somethinginsidiously unsavoury about this movie – in how it treats women in general, but specifically Sean’s girlfriend, Riley (Jacqueline Byers), who is almost laughably irrelevant to the action.15gallant-romanticPerhaps it might have been better to have made Sean a recently dumped singleton, which could have given his rescue effort a kind of gallant-romantic impetus.16nastyGiven the nasty taste in the mouth that the film leaves, it seems almost besides the point to worry about plot holes.17merryThe merry month of May is not always quite as pleasant as it sounds: after March winds and April showers we might expect a period of more settled weather.18settled19senselessConde Nast shuts down Vogue Russia over ‘senseless war’ and censorship laws20Increasingly strictIncreasingly strict censorship laws in Russia have made it ‘impossible’ for Conde Nast to continue operating, the company says21untenableVogue Russia has been closed down as the war in Ukraine and increasingly strict censorship laws have made publishing in Russia “untenable”.22unprovokedVogue Russia first launched in 1998, but Lynch said the “continued atrocities brough on by this unprovokedwar and the related censorship laws have made it impossible for us to continue operating there”.23great“I’m extremely grateful to our teams in Russia for their many years of dedication in building great publications there that have lived up to the highest standards of Conde Nast.”24highest25watermelonBoris Johnson says describing black people as having ‘watermelon smiles’ was ‘wholly satirical’26wholly satirical27notorious‘The quotations have been wrenched out of context,’ claims Tory frontrunner on notorious column28hopefulConservative leadership hopeful Boris Johnson has defended his infamous description of black people in Africa bearing “watermelon smiles” as satire.29infamous30big whiteWriting about a prospective trip by Mr Blair to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mr Johnson stated: “No doubt the AK47s will fall silent, and the pangas will stop their hacking of human flesh, and the tribal warriors will all break out in watermelon smiles to see the big white chieftouch down in his big white Britishtaxpayer-funded bird.”31big white 32despicableFollowing his claim his remarks were satirical, Dawn Butler MP, Labour’s shadow women and equalities secretary, said: “Boris Johnson’s defence of his racist and homophobic comments is despicable and disappointing … He is not fit to be prime minister of our country.”33disappointing34oppressiveDescribing the veil as “oppressive”, Mr Johnson wrote in an August 2018 Telegraph column that it was “absolutely ridiculous that people should choose to go around looking like letter boxes”.35respectfulAn independent panel investigating the comments decided he had been “respectful and tolerant” and was entitled to use “satire” in his articles.36tolerant37provocativeThe panel found that his language could be considered “provocative” but claimed it would be “unwise to censor excessively the language of party representatives or the use of satire to emphasise a viewpoint, particularly a viewpoint that is not subject to criticism”.38deep“I do feel a deep sense of anguish about it as I have said and I have apologised several times in the House of Commons and elsewhere,” he said. “But it is very very important that in this conversation we don’t allow whatever I may have said or done to cloud the issue.”39toxicThe toxic relationship between Britain and Russia has to be exposed40uncomfortableThe government can survive one uncomfortable news cycle; but a 50-page report full of revelations about rich Russians funding political parties and associating with politicians, as well as Russian bots meddling in the referendum, could have fed the media for days.41kleptocracyI am part of a team that runs “kleptocracy tours” in west London, exposing how much of our capital city had been bought by foreign politicians and oligarchs.42see-no-evilWe often look for the origins of this see-no-evil approach in the chaotic 1990s, when Russia flipped from autocracy to kleptocracy, and so many of the profits got spent on London real estate.43tensestBut it actually began 40 years earlier. Back in 1956, in one of the tensest periods of the cold war, English and Soviet banks saw an opportunity to undermine the US-led international order.44cold45moribundThat generated a new revenue stream for a moribund City of London, disabled a crucial lever Washington could use to influence Moscow’s behaviour, and gave an aggressive Soviet Union unrestricted access to the global financial system.46crucial47aggressive48well-connectedLondon was the key conduit in helping well-connected Russians suck money out of their country and spend it on luxury goods abroad.49excellentThanks to an investigation by Heidi Blake and her colleagues at Buzzfeed News, we know perhaps a dozen other people were killed here too (Blake lays out the details in an excellent book, published later this month).50toughOur politicians have been happy to talk tough on Russia – who can forget then defence secretary Gavin Williamson telling Moscow it should “go away and shut up”? – but their deeds have told a different story.51derailingBritish governments, under both Labour and Tory prime ministers, have consistently fought hard to prevent Putin’s repeated crimes and provocations from derailing profitable business ties.52rationalThe report needs to be published, and then we need to build on its revelations, to have a rational debate about what exactly it is we’re selling when we let the Russians buy so much of the UK.53of courageJohn Galliano is 'a man of courage' for admitting his mistakes after anti-Semitic rants, says rabbi who counselled him54disgracedThe rabbi who counselled John Galliano following his anti-Semitic rants in which he declared a love for Hitler has said the fashion designer had become a model of repentance who should serve as an example for disgraced politicians, bankers and Fifa officials.55franklyRabbi Barry Marcus of London’s Central Synagogue said those such as SeppBlatter, soon to be ex-president of Fifa, had much to learn from Galliano, who had frankly admitted his mistakes and made genuine efforts to atone for them.56genuine57healthier“No question about it. We could learn from John,” he said. “This is a much healthier, more honestway, that will unite what is beautiful among human beings, and push aside some of the negative ways we deal with our mistakes and those who have made mistakes.”58honest59negative60anti-SemiticRabbi Marcus, 65, said last week’s event, which looked at Jewish perspectives on fashion, was the culmination of a process that began shortly after the designer was sacked from Dior following three drunken anti-Semitic outbursts, including one in which he told a woman: “I love Hitler. Your mothers, your forefathers, would be… gassed… dead.”61unreservedThe day after being sacked in March 2011, Galliano, then struggling with drink and drug addictions, issued an unreserved apology.62movingI had him in the office with a Holocaust survivor for a full day, which he found very moving.”63indefensibleRabbi Marcus, whose grandparents fled persecution in 1930s Poland, added: “What he said was indefensible, but we have no right to crush a man because he has made a mistake. We don’t have to cling on to anger and resentment.”