Компрессия в газетной публикации ( на примерах статей редактора)

Jacob Heilbrunn in Prospect Magazine: After capitalism.
Deborah Haynes in Inside Iraq: Staying in the Basra B&B.
Paul Marks in New Scientist: What technology would you uninvent?
Stumbling and Mumbling: Economics in desperate housewives.
As we see, in this editorial the numeration and the color highlighting as the means of compression are used. The reader understands that the bold words mean the names of the sections in the newspaper. Also here we can find the syntactic parallelism that unifies and makes easier the perception of the information for the reader.
From number to number editorial “Today’s Webgrabs” have the same structure and are designed in the same way, using the same picture.
2) April 01, 2009
Today’s Web Grab
You might enjoy:
Guido Fawkes in Order Order: Third Round: Capitalists 2, Anti-Capitalists 0.
Jacob Heilbrunn in The Huffington Post: The new Neocon alliance with Obama.
Sam Coates in The Red Box: No snub here.
Chris Dillow in Stumbling and Mumbling: Newspapers & democracy.
Lexington: Health and taxes.

3) March 31, 2009
Today’s Web Grab
You might enjoy:
Paul Kedrosky in The Daily Beast: Obama’s tough love for Detroit.
Tyler Cowen in Marginal Revolution: The genial gene.
Iain Dale’s Diary: Proof Positive That MPs’ Travel Rules Must Change.
Peter Hoskin in Coffee House: Brown delivers his G20 sermon.
Sarah Ebner in School Gate: Why A level examiners definitely shouldn’t take GCSE results into account.

4) March 30, 2009
Today’s Web Grab
You might enjoy:
Ben Caldecott in Centre Right: Churchillian environmentalism: “We are still masters of our fate. We are still captain of our souls”
Morus in Political Betting: To go or not to go...
James Fallows in The Atlantic: What should we make of this Chinese cyber-spy story?
Caitlin Moran in Alpha Mummy: Hannah Montana is actually the new Friends
Gary Becker in The Becker-Posner Blog: The Treasury's blog to buy bank assets.
As we can see, “Today’s Webgrab” is build according to the pattern when the next several numbers don’t repeat the topics in the same sections.

Articles’ summarizing
The other way of compression the information that contains in the whole newspaper to one editorial article is giving the most important headlines in the editorial, so the reader can orient inn the content of the number and separate the most important information from the secondary information.
Les us give an example from the “Sunday Times” (5.04.09). The editorial looks like the following:
“Today in Times
Richard Beeston: Only Obama can save Iran from Israeli bombs.
Camilla Cavendish: Actually those G20 protesters do have a point.
Hugo Rifkind Life is lovely when you're wearing a tiara.
Frank Skinner: I know who'll save us from the apocalypse.
Helen Rumbelow: A masterclass in bribery:pay your schoolkids.
Melanie McDonagh: Don't have a sister? Then adopt one fast.
Joan Bakewell: In multicultural Britain, who dares set the dress rules?
Leading Article: Summit of achievement.
Leading Article: Right and Wrong.
Leading Article: Maiden over.
Ann Treneman: (Almost) making history at the global soup kitchen.
“The Sunday Times” is fair newspaper and it gives to the readers the short overview of the main topics of another newspapers in the country and in the world:
“And from the rest of the papers…
Jeff Randall: (The Telegraph) – Forget the G20 mob coping class fury is about to reach boiling point.
Vicky Tuck: (The Telegraph) - Bless my soul, MPs want to trust teachers.
Clive Aslet: (The Telegraph) - Now that’s a first lady.
Leading Article: (The Telegraph) - G20 summit: No grand solution but a good start.
Larry Elliott: (The Guardian) – Brown won't save our jobs but he might save his own.
Felicity Lawrence: (The Guardian) - G20 - the work starts here.
Louise Christian: (The Guardian) - Questions need to be asked about ‘kettling’.
Leading Article: (The Guardian) – London calling.
Johann Hari: (The Independent) - The protesters are the ones we should listen to at this summit.
Steve Richards: (The Independent) - Give Brown credit for some success.
Hamish McRae: (The Independent) - The downturn will go on but this should restore confidence.
Leading Article: (The Independent) - Not a grand bargain, but a step in the right direction.
Jan Moir: (The Daily Mail) - G20 WAGs and the patronising hen party from hell.
Philip Stevens: (Financial Times) - Summit success reflects a different global landscape.
And from around the world…
Paul Krugman: (The New York Times) – China's Dollar Trap.
David Brooks: (The New York Times) - Greed and stupidity.
Simon Johnson and James Kwak: (The Washington Post) – The radicalisation of Ben Bernanke.
Peter Belk and Andrew Rosen: (The Wall Street Journal) - Let Nato settle the border wars.
Editorial: (International Herald Tribune) – No laughing matter at the Office.
Dominique Moisi: (The Daily Star - Lebanon) – The global financial crisis represents epochal change.”
The level of the informational compression in such editorial articles is extremely high, because the whole articles are reduced only to their main point – the titles and the names of their authors.
Expressive means based on compression used in the newspaper’s text
Different syntactical phenomens may serve as an expressive stylistic means. Its expressive effect may be based on the compression that is displayed as absence of logically required components of speech - parts of the sentence, formal words . They may be founded on an unusual order of components of speech, the change of meaning of syntactical constructions and other phenomens.

1. Ellipsis. Elliptical sentences are sentences in which one or more words are omitted, leaving the full form to be understood by the reader or hearer: “I beg your pardon, dear reader. Didn’t know. Sorry to have bothered you.”

2. Aposiopesis is found in sentences unfinished logically or structurally due to which the expression of the thought conveyed is limited to a hint: “If they don’t give us your signature when they come back tomorrow …” (implies threat, about the world economic crisis).
One member sentences are those which have no separate subject and predicate but only one main part. This main part may be expressed by a noun (so-called nominal sentences) or an infinitive (infinitive sentences): “An astonishing experience, another blow to his preconception of a stiff and formal race!”.

3. Zeugma is a figure of speech in which a verb or adjective does duty with two or sometimes more than two nouns and to only one of which it is strictly applicable. Zeugma is based on polysemy, often on the literal and figurative meanings of a word. It may be based on the meaning of a set expression as a whole and the literal meaning of the separate words – its components. It may also be based on the different meanings of homonyms. Zeugma usually, though not necessarily, produces a satiric or humorous effect: “…then came fish and silence.”
Conclusions
The studying of the linguistic literature allowed us to characterize the most important for the topic of our work concepts of “lexical compression” and “informational reduction” of the initial text. They are used in order to describe the process of compression of summarization. S.I. Gidin uses successful new-coined term condensate («конденсат») that substitutes all Russian inexact correspondent terms. We have defined the informational compression as following – “a compression of expression aspect with simultaneous preservation of denotative aspect.”
On the whole the informational compression result in the “laconization” in the text, the level of this process is connected with the speech situation. Lakonization in this case is not the reducing text because of the throwing out some information, but the compression with the preservation of the whole informational level of the text. Consequently, informational compression is the one of the ways of increasing the informational level of the verbal means of expression (speech units). This method can be described as following: to secure the construction of such text, in which the necessary sense will be maximally expressed simultaneously with the minimal level of the speech units’ expense.
We have come to the idea that without exhaustive study and linguistic analysis, including informational analysis, it is impossible to research newspapers’ text from the compressional point of view.
S.I. Ginin calles the process in that we are interested in “meaning preventional compression” and says that it has a specific place among other disciplines that deals with automatic understanding of the text.
But we are interested in the specific features of the compression in the newspapers’ texts. Based on our survey carried out on the Internet-versions of the most popular editions we have classified the most common ways of the informative compression.
We have divided editorials into three groups: 1) classical editorials, where the level of the textual compression is the lowest; 2) “webgrabs”, where the level of the textual compression is middle and 3) article summaries, where is the highest the level of the textual compression.
Our classification is not full and exhaustive, but we have outlined the main features of the compression in the modern English and American editorials.
The sources of language material
Guardian // http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk
The Independent // http://www.independent.co.uk
Mirror // http://www.mirror.co.uk/
Times // http://www.timesonline.co.uk/
Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk
Newsweek // http://www.newsweek.com/
The New-York Times // http://www.nytimes.com


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The New-York Times // http://www.nytimes.com
http://www.timesonline.typepad.com/comment/
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